A.          Materi  : Connectives Conjunction
We are going to learn how to make harmony our sentence  with other sentence. We need  the  sentences have good relation with the others. They  have a good sense and logic so they are easy to understand because of  unity in relation.
Types of Conjuctions
Different conjunctions are used to show different relationships. Type of Conjuctions are various. The following chart will give a little classification about the conjunctions.
Clarifying
Showing cause/result
Indicating time
Qualifying/ Space and Place
in other words
I mean
as a matter of fact
for example
in particular
that is
namely
in fact
To put it another way
For instance
To be more precise
Or rather
To illustrate
so
therefore
thus
consequently
due to..., owing to
because of this
then
in/as a consequence
as a result
for that reason
accordingly
in that case
hence
accordingly
thus
since
for this reason, because of
this
to this end
for this purpose
with this in mind
then
next
now
when
finally
soon
later
last
lastly
at last
earlier
meanwhile
previously
afterwards
thereafter
after a short time
at the same time
before that
after that
in the end
after a while
at this moment
until
in the meantime
however
although
unless
except
unless
if
as long as
apart from
yet
adjacent
above
behind
below
beyond
here
there
to the right (left)
opposite
on the other side
ahead
as you turn right
at the top
at this point
Sequencing ideas
Adding information
Condition/concession
Illustrating/ contrasting
firstly, first, second, third...
in the first place
hence
next
after
before
from here on
first of all
to start with
to begin
as soon as
then
in short
all in all
briefly
gradually
last of all
at this point
to conclude/ in conclusion
in the end
to summarise/ to sum up
finally
a final point
in light of the above
given the above points
to get back to the point
too
in addition
also
again
then
similarly
besides
another
further
furthermore
indeed
apart from that
on top of that
and besides
above all
along with
what’s more
let alone
as well
likewise
moreover
of equal importance
equally important
similarly
equally
in the same way
in that case
in any case
however
despite this
even so
if not
otherwise
nevertheless
besides
yet
on the other hand
on the contrary
anyhow
anyway
instead
still
all the same
at least
though
as revealed by
in the case of
for example
such as
for instance
to illustrate
for instance
to be specific
moreover
furthermore
just as important, similarly
in the same way
whereas
instead of
alternatively
otherwise
unlike
on the other hand
in the same manner
conversely
on the contrary
in spite of this

To Link
And, both ….  And, or, either ….or,  neither ….nor, not only ….. but also.
Example
1.  Both candidates were under-qualified for the job.
2.  Both children are at school now.
3.  Neither you nor 1 like them. Either you or 1 will have to go.
4.  Al1 of chocolate come from cocoa beans.
5.  I knew it was going to be a bad day because I not only over slept but also_missed the bus.
Reason
because,  since,   as, just in case,
Several words show causation: as, because, since, for. They show a causal connection.
Since mean “because
Since Reagan became president, the Soviets have come to the bargaining table.
The word for acts as a coordinating conjunction to show a less direct relationship.
“I went to the bar after the funeral. For I needed a drink.”

Reason clauses are adverbial clauses which state why something is the case.
Example
1.   I didn't say anything because you'd have been angry.
2.   Because 1'11 be in tonight, I'll baby-sit.
3.   Since you don't like pizza, let's buy fish and chips.
4.   As you've seen the film, let's go somewhere else.
5.   You try to fix it since you think you're so clever!
For
For is used in very formal or literary contexts only:
Example:
He was very nervous for he was being videoed.
She was stopped for speeding.
The things we do for love!
For some reason, she isn’t interested in going out at all tonight.
Certain Chicago restaurants are famous for their deep-dish pizza.
(Just) in case
(Just) in case is used to talk about things that may possibly happen:
Just in case adalah frasa bahasa Inggris yang bermakna “in the event that (something happens)” (seandainya sesuatu terjadi ~ untuk berjaga-jaga).
Example:
1.      I’ll take along an umbrella, just in case.(Saya akan membawa payung untuk berjaga-jaga.)
2.      Be sure to bring a map and compass, just in case you’re not sure where you are.
3.      (Pastikan membawa peta dan kompas untuk berjaga-jaga seandainya kamu tidak yakin di mana dirimu berada.)
4.      Always back up your files just in case your device is stolen or damaged.
5.      (Selalu back up berkas-berkasmu untuk berjaga-jaga seandainya perangkatmu dicuri atau rusak.)
6.      Don't leave him alone in case something happens.
Time
When, as soon as, while, as, once, until, after, before
Example :
1.      Sea water evaporates when the sun radiates heat.
2.      The students are reading while the teacher is giving the next portofolio form.
3.      The water vapour condenses as it cools.
4.      The water boils once the temperature starts to reach 100 degree of Celcius.
5.      He clouds move until they reach high land.
6.      When my mom calls, I will tell her about my new job.
7.      I will call you as soon as I get to New York.
8.      While we are away, don´t forget to water the plants!
RESULT (SO, SUCH)
'so' and 'such' means 'very' or 'really'. It makes the sentence stronger and shows that there is a high level of something.
We use 'so' before an adjective or adverb (without a noun).
She was so beautiful (= she was very beautiful).
He ran so quickly (= he ran very quickly).
The children spoke French so well (= the children spoke French very well).
We use 'such' before a noun or an adjective + a noun.
If there is 'a' or 'an', it goes after 'such'.
She was such a beautiful woman (= she was a very beautiful woman).
NOT: 'she was a so beautiful woman'.
NOT: 'she was a such beautiful woman'.
He got such a good time in the race (= he got a very good time in the race).
It was such delicious food (= it was really delicious food).
The children spoke such good French (= the children spoke really good French).
When we use 'such' directly with a noun, it's often a noun that shows our opinion.
He's such a genius! (= he's a real genius / he's very clever).
You're such a teacher! (= you act in a typical way for a teacher).

We can use 'so' and 'such' to mean 'to this level' or 'as ... as this'.
He isn't usually so late (= he isn't usually as late as this).
I don't often drink such a lot of coffee (= I don't often drink as much coffee as this).

We use 'so' before 'much / many / little / few' with and without a noun.
This shows that the amount is really a lot or really little. As usual, we use a plural noun after 'many' and 'few' and an uncountable noun after 'much' and 'little'.
I ate so much.
I ate so much cake.
He had so many books.
Why did you eat so little?
He had so few friends that he was very lonely.

Other Uses of So and Such
Such + noun = a certain type or kind of (this is quite formal)
I'd never heard such music before. (= I'd never heard this kind of music before.)

Such as = for example / like
A: We should get a film for tonight.
B: Such as? (= please give an example of a film)
Cities such as London are becoming more powerful politically (= cities like London ...).

So = a certain amount / size
It was so big (= it was the size I'm showing you with my hands).
There's only so much time (there's only a certain amount of time).

So = something that has already been said
A: Is dinner ready?
B: I hope so (= I hope that dinner is ready)
Is that so? (= is that right?)
Or so = approximately
I think there were fifty people or so at the party (= I think there were approximately fifty people at the party).

Purpose (To infinitive)
or a Conjunction ( in order to, so as to, for)
Purpose clauses show why people do things.
Example :
1.     They stopped to look at the map.
2.     Vehicles have been fitted with catalytic converters in
3.     order to reduce pollution.
4.     1 arrived early so as to / in order to appear keen
5.     We use this Allen key for tightening the snews.
6.     We use this Allen key to tighten the snews.

Concession and Contrasting
However, though, even though, although, even so, Nevertheles, all the same, etc
Concession clauses link statements which contrast
with one another in a surprising way ( something unexpected).
Example :
1.   Even though it's fieezing cold, Pam insists on weanng a miniskirt.
2.   I love travelling, though Ifind airports tinng.
3.   1 stayed until the end, although 1 was very bored. (= focus on being bored)
4.   Although 1 was extremely bored, 1 stayed until the end. (= focus on staying)
5.   Ifelt really tired. Nevertheless 1 continued dancing.
6.   Ifelt really tired. Even so, 1 went on dancing.
7.   1 felt really tired - however, 1 carried on dancing.
8.   Ifelt really tired; al1 the same, 1 rejüsed to stop dancing.
As
Example :
1.      We wrote up the results of the experiment as we had been directed.
2.      As The Hunger Games has become more popular, some parents in the US have complained about the violence in the book.
3.      “As she didn’t get the original money, could she please have the larger sum
Place (Where)
Example :
1.      People prefer to shop where they feel relaxed.
2.      The hotel where we spent our honeymoon has been demolished.
3.      The hall where you’re giving your talk has a really good sound system.
4.      Where you find a lot of water, you will also find these beautiful insects.
5.      Where you have to pay a deposit, be sure to get a receipt.
Adding information about a person (who, whose)
Example :
The person who spoke to me yesterday gave me the wrong information.
Alvar Aalto was a Finnish architect whose ideas are fundamental to modern design.
Adding information about a thing (which, that )
Example :
1.      Canna is an island which lies off the west coast of Scotland.
2.      There are geological changes in coastlines that may be impossible to influence.

Introducing reported information
that whether how
Example :
1.   It was unclear whether the management would fund the proposed training scheme.
2.   This article researches how climate change might affect wildlife in Britain

B.           Rangkuman IV
A connective is a word or phrase that links clauses or sentences. Connectives can be both Conjunctions & Transition Signals. The function of connecting words is very important to  sign the logical relationships between ideas in a text so that the reader can easily understand the relationship between the parts of a text.
C.           Latihan Essay
Complete each sentence using the subordinating conjunction from the parenthesis:
1.   I visit the Grand Canyon _________ I go to Arizona. (once, whenever, wherever)
2.   This is the place _________ we stayed last time we visited. (where, when, how)
3.   _________ you win first place, you will receive a prize. (wherever, if, unless)
4.   You won’t pass the test _________ you study. (when, if, unless)
5.   I'll have a look ___ I've finished this essay. (although, after)
6.   Will you visit the pyramids ___ you go to Egypt this year? (because, if)
7.   I wanted to go shopping on Saturday ___ I haven't been paid yet. (but, until )
8.   We went to Wales ___ we wanted a nice, relaxing holiday. (because, although)
9.   She is thirty tomorrow, ___ she doesn't look it! (although, since)
10.  You're not leaving this house ___ you tidy your bedroom! (after, until)
Answer Key:
1.         Whenever
2.         Where
3.         If
4.         Unless
5.         After
6.         If
7.         But
8.         Because
9.         Although
10.     Until

D.          Latihan PG
Choose the conjunction that fits best.
1. I will go to the concert, but ________ you go as well.
A. only if
B.  unless
C.  only but
2. I brought along a sandwich, ________ I get hungry.
A.    therefore
B.     in case
C.     only if
3. ________ she calls me, I feel very happy.
A.    Therefore
B.     So that
C.     Whenever
4. Take this photo, ________ you can remember me.
A.    while
B.     so that
C.     although
5. I will not talk to him ________ he apologizes for what he did.
A.    until
B.     while
C.     because
6. I'll find you, ________ you are.
A.    where
B.     wherever
C.     therefore
7. She spoke ________ she knew what she was talking about, but she didn't.
A.    until
B.     although
C.     as if
8. ________ the police arrived, we had to end the party.
A.    Until
B.     Once
C.     Although
9. I couldn't figure out ________ he said what he said.
A.    why
B.     once
C.     because
10. I bought you a birthday card ________ I like you.
A.    while
B.     because
C.     why
Answer Key: 1:A  2.B    3.C    4.B       5.A     6.B    7.C    8.B      9.A     10.B

E.           Multiple Choice Evaluation
F.            Video