Pembelajaran II FINITE AND NON FINITE VERBS

A.       FINITE AND NON FINITE VERBS

Materi bahasan Finite dan Non finite terbagi menjadi dua bagian besar. Bagian pertama dari Kegiatan Pertama membahas tentang finite verb dengan perubahan dengan berbagai bentuk tenses dalam kalimat. Dalam bagian ini dibahas mulai dari primary verb dan yang terdiri dari to be, to have, to do dan kata kerja beserta contoh contohnya didalam tense yang berbeda beda. Kegiatan belajar yang kedua membahas persoalan secondary verb / non finite verb. Topik-topik bahasannya meliputi secondary verb berupa gerund, present participle, verb-ing sebagai penanda continuous tense, past participle, to infinitive dan bare infinitive.

Materi-materi dalam modul ini adalah konsep dasar untuk menentukan main idea dalam sebuah teks berkaitan dengan teks yang terdiri dari lebih dari dua kata kerja dalam bentuk yang berbeda. Materi-materi ini merupakan materi-materi prasyarat dalam mempelajari gagasan utama. Selain itu, dalam modul inipun banyak dimuat materi-materi pendalaman untuk menambah wawasan pembentukan clausa dan phrasa, sehingga akan memantapkan penyusunan kalimat yang lebih bervariasi.

Perlu pula diketahui bahwa untuk mempelajari materi-materi dalam modul ini tentunya akan mempermudah Anda dalam mempelajarinya, jika kita telah memahami materi-materi bentuk kata kerja dalam tense yang bervariasi.

Definition of Finite and Non Finite Verbs

Finite and nonfinite verbs were renamed primary and secondary verbs. The words finite and nonfinite were reinterpreted as a syntactic category of the clause not the verb. However, some people continue to use the term "finite verb".  

A secondary verb cannot serve as a predicate, nor can it be used in an independent clause unless combined with an auxiliary verb (e.g., can, may, will). A clause whose verb is secondary is called a nonfinite clause. This kind of clause is almost always subordinate. (Brackets enclose the nonfinite clause in each example below for the purpose of illustration.)                

PRIMARY VERBS

A finite clause includes a primary verb as the main verb. A primary verb can be inflected for tense (usually -ed in past), person (usually -s for 3rd person)  and occasionally number (is/are and was/were).    A finite clause may stand alone as a complete sentence. It includes a subject and a verb that can be inflected (suffixed) for tense, person and sometimes number. It is an independent clause (matrix clause).  The clause can be coordinated with or subordinated to another finite clause.                                                                           

SECONDARY VERBS

A nonfinite clause cannot stand alone. It rarely includes a subject, and its verb is a secondary verb form (infinitival, gerund-participle or past participle) which cannot be inflected for tense, person or number. It is a dependent clause serving as a subject or a complement to a verb, preposition or noun.

[To speak in class] is difficult.  (infinitival)

[Speaking in class] is encouraged. (gerundial)

[Prepared students] are more likely to succeed. (p.participial) 

RARELY HAVE A SUBJECT

Charlie hopes to [ __ know the answer].    The verb hopes has the subject Charlie, but knows has no subject.

It is unusual for [him to [keep quiet].   The exception is the "It…for" structure in which the subject is subordinated with for (him, her, them, etc.)

ARE NOT MARKED FOR PERSON

Charlie wants to [raise his hand].

Charlie stands up to [speak in class].  (purpose)

Charlie helps us [answer questions].  (without to)

It is hard for Charlie to [sit quietly.]  

FORM NEGATIVES WITH NOT (NO "DO" SUPPORT)

Charlie wants not to [sit in class all day].

Charlie prefers not [sitting in class all day]

Charlie seems not to [be here today].

[Not wanting to sit all day] is understandable.

Non-finite clauses contain a verb which does not show tense. We usually use non-finite verbs only in subordinate clauses. We usually understand the time referred to from the context of the main clause. We often use a non-finite clause when the subject is the same as the subject in the main clause:

I had something to eat before leaving. (I had something to eat before I left.)

After having spent six hours at the hospital, they eventually came home.

Helped by local volunteers, staff at the museum have spent many years sorting and cataloguing more than 100,000 photographs.

He left the party and went home, not having anyone to talk to.

The person to ask about going to New Zealand is Beck.

You have to look at the picture really carefully in order to see all the detail.

After, although, though, and if

We often use non-finite clauses after some subordinating conjunctions like after, although, though and if:

By the end of the day, although exhausted, Mark did not feel quite as tired as he had in the past. (although he was exhausted)

The proposal, if accepted by Parliament, will mean fundamental changes to the education system.

After verbs + -ing or infinitive with to

We use non-finite clauses as the complements to verbs which take -ing or to-infinitive after them:

1.      I don’t enjoy playing tennis in the rain.

2.      I’d hate to travel to London every day.

Relative clauses

A relative clause can be non-finite when the subject of the relative clause is the same as the subject of the main clause:

The man sitting on the sofa over there is Simon’s brother. (The man who is sitting …)

Don’t forget to fill in the form attached to the letter. (… which is attached to the letter.)

Problem :

In understanding a sentence, It is important to identify the finite and non finite verb in order to dtermine the main idea of the sentence. Students sometimes difficult to idenitify or determine the content of the text because of misunderstanding to identify its main verb as the predicate of the sentence.

In writing composition, students eager to pour their ideas fluently. In contrast they don't know how to make a good sentence with good structure. Giving ideas can be various if the students understand to create the sentence in different type. The variation may be in either the form of word order (phrase) or  clause. The sentence can modified by clauses or phrase. They are for examples :

Phrase using modifying clause  : one of the country which strongly fight against corruption

Phrase with present participle  : a major issue resentfully influencing Indonesia's economy.

Phrases with past participle  : a study conducted by Transparency International

Phrase with Preposition   : the 73th most spectaculer Indonesian celebration Independence Day with the president, governor, mayor, all civil servest, Armed Forces and Indonesia people.

Phrase with bare infinitive  : I  can write a composition about a local legend.

EXAMPLE

a.       Removing his coat, Jack rushed to the river.

The finite verb is "rushed" because it is the main verb that determine the past tense mood.

     The underlined word is non finite that function as gerund phrase.

     The complete sentence can be :

a)         After Jack removed his coat, he rushed to the river ( The underlined word is a subordinate clause. it contains subject + predicate + object)

b)         After  removing his coat, he rushed to the river  ( The underlined word is gerund phrase after a preposition "after".

Removing his coat  is a gerund phrase because the word removing function as noun. When we order the phare inverse, it will be meaningless. e.g: "his coat is removing". here removing can not function as verb since the subject is not person.

b.  Delores noticed her cousin walking along the shoreline.

The finite verb is "noticed" because it is the main verb that determine the past tense mood.

The underlined phrase " her cousing walking along"  is non finite that function as present participle  phrase.

The complete sentence can be: 

a)      Delores noticed her cousin who was walking along the shoreline.( The underlined phrase is a subordinate clause. It contains subject + predicate + object)

b)      Delores noticed her cousin walking along the shoreline. ( The underlined word is present  participle phrase because the word walking can  function as verb).

       c.  Children introduced to music early develop strong intellectual skills.

The finite verb is "develop" because it is the main verb that determine the present tense  mood.

 The underlined phrase " introduced"  is non finite that function as past participle  phrase.

 The complete sentence can be :

 Children introduced to music early develop strong intellectual skills. ( The underlined   phrase  is a subordinate clause. It contains subject + predicate + object) ( past  participle phrase because "Children introduced to music early"  can  be replaced  by: Children who were introduced to music early verb).

A finite verb is a primary verb. Finite verbs change their form according to the number and person of the subject. For instance, when the subject is a singular noun, the finite verb cook changes its form into cooks. Finite verbs are also governed by the tenses. For instance, when the sentence is in the simple past tense, the finite verb cook changes its form into cooked. Non-finite verbs do not change their form according to the number and person of the subject. Examples are gerunds, participles and infinitives.

Finite verbs are also called primary verbs. Finite Verb means “Bound”. It means that Finite verbs must have agreement with the number and person of its subject.

Examples:

I like skating

I  functions as the first person – It is singular

You need not to add s in the verb like.

Second example:

Riana likes dancing

Riana is the third person and singular.

The finite  verb “like” is in the form of present tense, so when the subject is in the third person and singular, we need to add –s in such a verb. The subject and predicate of the sentence give the concordance berween the subject “Rina” and predicate “like”. Finite Verb determine the changes of sentence tense. If the tense of the sentence changes, then the form of the verb also changes.

Example :

He goes to school every day

He went to school.

The main verb here is goes. The verb goes  determine the present tense in the sentence. Meanwhile the verb went determines that the sentence is in form of past tense. The sentence will not make sense without the presence of finite verb. So a finite verb is bound by the tense of sentence. A finite clause includes a primary verb as the main verb.

NON FINITE VERBS

A nonfinite Verb is called secondary verb. This kind of clause is almost always subordinate. A secondary verb cannot serve as a predicate, nor can it be used in an independent clause unless combined with an auxiliary verb (e.g., can, may, will).

She might go

Might is finite verb. Modal Might can be change by may

Go is non finite. It is bare infinitive. You can not change it by going or to go

Non finite verbs are not bound by tense, person or number of subject.

Example:

Rika hate gossiping

The verb hate is finite verb

the gosipping is non finite. It functions as gerund.

My friends stopped  to smoke

The verb stopped : is finite verb. It is primary verb.

To smoke : is non finite verb.  It is to infinitive

Non Finite Verb are not bound by subject verb agreement. Non finite verbs are an                         extension of a sentence. Non finite verbs  sometimes can be omitted. It depend on the                   situations.

We must go fishing.

Must  = finite verb

Go = non finite as bare infinitive

Fishing is non finite verb as gerund

We must go (without the word  fishing,  the sentence still have meaning. It can stand alone as a meaningful sentence).

Marrie may go to Bandung

The word may  is modal. The word may is primary verb. It determines the tense of the sentence. So it is a finite verb. The word go is a bare infinitive. Modal is always followed by bare infinitive.

To Infinitive means (to+infinitive)

She is going to watch a new film.

To watch is to infinitive that functions as a compliment verb.

A Participle is a verb that functions as  both of  verb and adjective. It is called a verbal adjective.

Example:

Look at the burning candle

The word burning  is a participle. It is verb + adjective

Burning candle is a phrase. It can be change into clause as follows:

Look at the candle which is burning.

 Which is burning is a subordinate clause. The word burning here identifies continuos tense.

Types of A Participle

1.   Present Participle

Taking the bag, Nila left the room

It can be changed:

ü  After Nila had taken the bag, She left the room.

or

ü  After taking the bag, Nila left the room

2.     Past Participle (Verb+_d/_ed)

Tired, Nila slept on the sofa.

It can be changed:

ü  Because of tired, Nila slept on the sofa.

or

ü  Because Nila was  tired, She  slept on the sofa.

3.     Perfect Participle (Having_d/_ed/_en)

Having eaten his breakfast, Tom went to school.

It can be changed:

ü  After having eaten his breakfast, Tom went to school.

ü  After Tom had  eaten his breakfast, He  went to school.

A gerund ( verb + ing)

A gerund acts as a verb and a noun ( Verbal Noun )

Example :

Painting is my hobby.

Painting is a non finite verb that treats as a gerund.

Remember :

Verb +ing can be a Participle if it functions as  Verbal Adjective.

Verb +ing can be a Gerund if it functions as  Verbal Noun.

a)      Jhon plays the piano. (finite)

b)      Reading a lot of book improves our diction. (Non finite as present participle)

c)      Hearing the loud music, the baby woke up (Non finite as present participle)

d)      Having achieved his career, The manager could relax at present time. (Non finite as perfect participle)

e)      Afif is going to complete in the test. (Non finite as to infinitive)

f)       Motivated by his father, the son practiced hard to master the skill. (Non finite as past participle)

IDENTIFYING PHRASE

1.  Phrases followed by modifying clause	The girl who took a bachelor degree is my daughter.
2.Phrases followed by present participle (non-finite)	The girl taking bachelor degree is my daughter.
3.  Phrases followed by past participle (non-finite)	A major problem faced by people is about character building.
4.  Phrases followed by preposition (non-finite)	A teacher with a lap top on his table is my English techer.

B.        Rangkuman II

It is important to know and to implement that building a sentence need to comprehend the type of primary verb / Finite Verb as well as Secondary Verb / Non finite Verb. In building a sentence, There consists of one main verb ( finite ). If you find other verbs, You have to alter in the form of Non- finite verb. Non Finite Verbs consists of the folowing; Phrase using modifying clause, Phrase with present participle, Phrases with past participle, Phrase with Preposition 

Note:

1.   There are two kinds of verbs; finite Verb and Non Finite Verb

2.   Finite Verb has agreement with the subject and the number.

3.   Finite Verb determine the sentence tense.

4.   A finite verb gives the meaning of the sentence.

5.   Non finite verbs consist of Bare Infinitive, Present Participle, Past participle, perfect participle, to Infinitife and gerund.

6.   Non finite verbs arenot bound by tense, number or person.

7.   A participle is a verb that does the work of both a verb and adjective. It is called a verbal adjective.

8.   A gerund acts as a verb and a noun. It is called a verbal noun.

Conclusion :

When we want to construct a good sentence we need to pay attention to the verb form. If we find two verbs in one sentence, we have to change one of the verb into non finite verb. We can change the verb into to infinitie, gerund, present participle or past participle, even we may change it into sub-ordinate clause.

Example:

Mr. Willy stop smoke in the near future. (not good construction- finite; stop dan finite; smoke)

We can change the sentence into good construction as follow:

Mr. Willy stop to smoke in the near future. (finite: stop – non finite as to infinitive ; to smoke)

Mr. Willy stop smoking in the near future. (finite: stop – non finite as gerund ; smoking)

C.       Latihan Essay

Quick Exercise

Find out the finite and non-finite verbs in the sentences given below:

1.    He gave me a chair to sit.

2.    It was a sight to see.

3.    I want to buy some clothes.

4.    Barking dogs seldom bite.

5.    He is about to leave.

6.    It is time to start.

7.    He was wearing a torn shirt.

8.    He had his shoes polished.

9.    They got the roof repaired.

10.    Finding the door open I went inside.

Answers

1.    Finite – gave; non-finite – to sit

2.    Finite – was; non-finite – to see

3.    Finite – want; non-finite – to buy

4.    Finite – bite; non-finite – barking

5.    Finite – is; non-finite – to leave

6.    Finite – is; non-finite – to start

7.    Finite – was wearing; non-finite – torn

8.    Finite – had; non-finite – polished

9.    Finite – got; non-finite – repaired

10.    Finite – went; non-finite – finding.

Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verbs given in the brackets.

1. They were ………………. for a place ………………. down. (look, sit)

2. We ……………….. carefully because we didn’t want ………………. (walk, fall)

3. He ……………… abroad ……………… work. (go, find)

4. The doctor ………………… him ………………. smoking. (advice, stop)

5. The teacher ………………. the students …………….. their work. (ask, submit)

6. The stranger ………………. the shopkeeper ………………… him something to eat. (request, give)

7. The villagers were not ………………. ………………. their routine. (will, change)

8. He ………………. to the market …………….. some vegetables. (go, buy)

9. He must have ………………. out ………………. (go, play)

10. We ……………….. ………………… into a bigger home. (want, move)

Answers

1. They were looking for a place to sit down.

2. We walked carefully because we didn’t want to fall.

3. He went abroad to find work.

4. The doctor advised him to stop smoking.

5. The teacher asked the students to submit their work.

6. The stranger requested the shopkeeper to give him something to eat.

7. The villagers were not willing to change their routine.

8. He went to the market to buy some vegetables.

9. He must have gone out to play.

10. We want to move into a bigger home.

State whether the –ing forms given in the following sentences are participles or gerunds. In the case of participles, name the noun or pronoun they qualify. In the case of gerunds, state what function they serve in the sentence.

1.    Hearing a loud noise, we ran to the window.

2.    The motorcyclist was fatally injured in the accident and is now fighting for his life.

3.    He ruined his sight by watching TV all day.

4.    We saw a clown standing on his head.

5.    Asking questions is a whole lot easier than answering them.

6.    Waving their hands, the audience cheered the winner.

7.    Plucking flowers is forbidden.

8.    Jumping over the fence, the thief escaped.

9.    I was surprised at John’s being absent.

10.    We spent the whole day playing cards.

11.    A miser hates spending his money.

12.    John was angry at Alice trying to lie to her.

13.    Praising all alike is praising none.

14.    Are you afraid of speaking the truth?

15.    Singing to herself is her chief delight.

Answers

1.    Hearing – participle, qualifying the pronoun we

2.    Fighting – participle, qualifying the noun motorcyclist.

3.    Watching – gerund, object of the preposition by

4.    Standing – participle, qualifying the noun clown

5.    Asking – gerund, subject of is; answering – gerund

6.    Waving – participle, qualifying the noun audience

7.    Plucking – gerund; subject of the verb is

8.    Jumping – participle, qualifying the noun thief

9.    Being – gerund, object of the participle at

10.    Playing – gerund, complement of the noun whole day

11.    Spending – gerund, object of the verb hates

12.    Trying – gerund, object of the preposition at

13.    Praising – gerund, subject of the verb is; praising – gerund, complement of the verb is

14.    Speaking – gerund, object of the preposition of

15.    Singing – gerund, subject of the verb is

5.  Please identify the following text for ist part wether they are

Phrases followed by modifying clause, 

Phrases followed by present participle (non-finite), 

Phrases followed by past participle (non-finite), 

Phrases followed by preposition (non-finite)

Phrases followed by gerund (non-finite)

Phrases followed by bare infinitive (non-finite)

Pros and Cons of Loving Your Own Friends

In life we ​​must have a true friend. These friends are people who can be trusted in our lives, both in joy and sorrow. A friend is the first person to be called if we get an amazing event in life or a terrible event that we have experienced. But what if we love our own friends? If you want to change the status of friendship to a higher level, we need to consider various things that exist, both losses and benefits.

Relationships that begin with friendship will not be easy to start just like that. But there are many advantages that we can get because before we know the nature of the friend. Although later it will result in a risk. In friendship, the word "courtship" might be considered to be a further relationship in enjoying joy together. In addition, togetherness that has occurred before will give the results of a strong emotional division without selfishness. Interrupted between the friendships created a moment of important or beautiful moment so that later your relationship can run with lasting.

On the other hand, dating friends will result in some losses. Do both want to sacrifice? What if the relationship is broken, will the friendship still exist? Of course the possibility that something like this might be considered. Even more so when it comes to the heart. Certainly not going to be willing if he is with other people. But if dating, we will still be able to be together as before when we were friends. All actions must be at risk, regardless of type. Therefore, you must be prepared for what will happen.

A statement of love for one's own friends will indeed lead to risk in the future. But it should be remembered that successful and good relationships can grow from good friendships. In addition, this is what might be the best decision ever made.

  

D.       Penilaian diri

Put a tick (√) in the box showing how you understand this leson!

1. I know the identification of finite and non finite verb.

 very good

 good

 fair

 less

 bad

Setelah peserta didik  memahami penggunaan Finite and Non Finite dengan baik, peserta didik diharapkan bisa mengidentifikasi dan  membuat sendiri berbagai contoh  dengan tema atau topik yang lain, kemudian lanjutkan dengan menganalisis paragraph mengacu kepada keterampilan yang baru saja dipelajari.

a)      Apakah Anda telah memahami definisi finite verb dan non finite verb?    

Ya      Tidak

b)      Apakah Anda telah mampu mengidentifikasi finite verb dan non finite verb dalam kalimat yang rumit?          

Ya      Tidak

c)      Apakah Anda telah mampu membuat variasi kalimat dengan menggunakan finite dan non finite verb?          

Ya      Tidak

Bila ada jawaban "Tidak", maka segera lakukan review pembelajaran, terutama pada bagian yang masih "Tidak".

Bila semua jawaban "Ya", maka Anda dapat melanjutkan ke pembelajaran berikutnya.

E.        Latihan PG

Choose the correct answer for the following multiple choice test

Exercise 1:

This is a brief quiz on identifying participles, gerunds, and infinitives. In each item, look at the word or phrase in quotes and then indicate whether it is a participle, gerund, or infinitive.

          Evaluasi

1.      Distinguishing  the finite and non finite from the following sentences

Directions: 

Each sentence contains an underlined verbal phrase. In the box below each sentence, identify the verbal as a present participle or gerund. If the verbal is a participle, write the noun that it is modifying. If the verbal is a gerund, write its function (subject, direct object, appositive, object of preposition, subjective complement).

a.          The candidate getting the most votes wins the election.

b.         After resting for an hour, you will feel much better.

c.          Reading a good novel always gives me pleasure.

d.         Clearing his throat, Bill began to give his speech.

e.          They enjoyed taking long walks on the trail.

f.           We won't eat any of the turkey roasting in your oven.

g.         His profession, teaching English to immigrants, occupied a great deal of his time.

h.         The magazine's cover, appealing to younger readers, will undoubtedly boost sales this month.

i.           The judges, talking at length among themselves, finally gave the award to the Beagle.

j.           Mary's downfall is eating snacks

Example:

Children introduced to music early develop strong intellectual skills.

The non finite verb in the above sentence is introduced to music early, meanwhile

develop strong intellectual skills  is finite verbal phrase.

Evaluasi

Please analyze as the sample abve!

a.   Smiling broadly, he ate another piece of chicken.

b.   Having been a gymnast, Lynn knew the importance of exercise.

c.   The jacket was covered by dragons flying through the night sky.

d.   The moon, peeking from behind the clouds, was shining down on the lake.

e.   The skier took a side trail hoping to avoid the mass of trees ahead.

2. Rewrite the sentences replacing the italic part with a present participle.

a.          She was talking to her friend and forgot everything around her.

→ 

b.         Since we watch the news every day we know what's going on in the world.

→ 

c.          They are vegetarians and don't eat meat.

→ 

d.         The dog wagged its tail and bit the postman.

→ 

e.          While she was tidying up her room she found some old photos.

→ 

f.           He was a good boy and helped his mother in the kitchen.

→ 

g.         As they didn't have enough money they spent their holidays at home last year.

→ 

h.         The man was sitting in the cafe. He was reading a paper.

→ 

i.           Since I didn't feel well I didn't go to the cinema.

→ 

j.           She walked home and met an old friend.

3. Please Identify the primary verb (finite) and secondary verb (non-finite verb) in the following passages! When you find the non-finite verb, please identify its function if it is gerund phrase, to infinitive phrase, present participal phrase, bare infinitive.

To speak in class is difficult for some children but not for Charlie. He raises his hand constantly and loves to participate in class discussions. In fact, speaking in class is what he does best. He does his homework and is very well prepared. Prepared students excel in class. Also, students encouraged by their teachers do well. Charlie is doing well in kindergarten. Sometimes Charlie talks a little too much. He dislikes sitting quietly. The teacher reminds him to share the discussion time. Other students are quiet and may think that they don't have anything important to say. However, the teacher values the opinions of all the students; she helps quiet students (to) speak out more confidently.

4.   Please identify the following text for its part if they are Phrases followed by modifying clause,  Phrases followed by present participle (non-finite),  Phrases followed by past participle (non-finite),  Phrases followed by preposition (non-finite)Phrases followed by gerund (non-finite)

Pro and Contra about On Line Transportation

Pro: You can save gas and money, especially if your commute is long. Even if you don't get a discounted fare, the amount of money saved by not driving around could be substantial.

Pro: There's no need to worry about being stuck in traffic, or finding a parking spot in a crowded parking lot.Whether you are headed to work or school, the added time of finding a parking spot can be the difference between being late and making it on time. Most buses stop near or in front of major destinations, from shopping centers to universities. This allows you to get off on or near campus without the added worry of finding parking.

Pro: For students, the added benefit of not having to pay for a semester parking pass. The cost of semester parking permits can be the upwards of $100, so taking public transportation can eliminate that cost, and allow you to save or spend that $100 elsewhere (maybe on groceries?).

Con:  Buses can delay, so plan on getting an hour early to your destination in preparation for delays. There are a number of reasons why a bus can be delayed, from a driver calling out sick or the bus having engine problems.Whatever the case, it is wise to arrive a few minutes before the bus is supposed to arrive, to see if the bus arrives on time, and how long the delay is if it doesn't. There are usually numbers to call at specific stations to see when the train or bus is arriving, so this can also give you an idea of how late or early it will be.

Con:   Keeping track of the buses/trains, and the stop times can be hectic, especially in larger cities. Most timetables and transit maps are available for any major city online, but the amount of lines and routes intersecting can be overwhelming. Some sites offer a trip planner, where you can enter your destinations and the best route can be calculated for you. If not, there is usually time tables provided at the transit stations or on the buses themselves that you have to look at and pick out which route works best.

5.         Please translate the following sentences by using variation of the finite and non finite verb : Phrase using modifying clause, Phrase with present participle , Phrase with past participle, Phrase with Preposition , Phrase with bare infinitive.

a.          Setelah selesai sarapan pagi, Pak Jhon segera berangkat ke kantor dengan mobil barunya.

b.         Gadis yang mengenakan baju merah di depan sekolah itu mengantar putranya ke sekolah.

c.          Kolam renang yang bersih dan aman menjadi daya tarik khusus bagi pengunjung hotel itu.

d.         Ditangkap oleh masyarakat, pelaku tindakan begal digebuki dan dibakar.

e.          Sri Mulyani yang menjabat menteri keuangan harus mampu mempertanggungjawabkan kinerja yang maksimal untuk negara.

f.           Peserta didik dengan buku di tangannya di depan perpustakaan mempersiapkan sambutan ketua OSIS.

g.         Kamu seharusnya menyelesaikan makan siang dan sholat dhuhur berjamaah sebelum pembelajaran dimulai lagi.

h.         Atlit yang terjaring narkoba akan didiskualifikasi dan tidak mendapat kesempatan mengikuti pertandingan apapun.

i.           Dikejar kejar oleh macan, Kijang itu berusaha berlari dengan secepat cepatnya.

j.           Mendayung dengan penuh semangat, para atlit dayung dipandu oleh satu orang pengarah untuk menyatukan gerak dan langkah.

G.       Video